<img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1157536001915208&amp;ev=PageView&amp;noscript=1">

2 min read

Quantum Computing and its impact on cryptography

Quantum Computing and its impact on cryptography

Wow, as soon as we heard quantum, many questions started coming in our mind, what is quantum, what is quantum computing. Quantum computing can be done using quantum theory or using quantum physics to solve complex problems that cannot be easily solved by computing. In physics, the study of quantum perfect classes is done, in classical computer signals are in the form of bits, similarly in quantum computing Quantum bits, or qubits, are the basic unit of information. The concept of superposition allows qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously, in contrast to binary bits which are limited to representing either 0 or 1. With qubits, it is possible to have a combination of 0 and 1 in a superposition state. As a result, quantum computers operate differently from classical computers, which rely on binary bits. Instead, quantum computers use qubits to process information, and their ability to remain in superposition is what gives them the potential for significantly greater computational power.

Cryptography will be significantly impacted by quantum computing, which can efficiently solve hard problems related to data protection. Shor’s algorithm, when executed on a large quantum computer, could drastically reduce the computational requirements. Consequently, it may compromise the security of private keys used in traditional codes that protect most internet traffic and encrypted data.

Quantum cryptography, particularly quantum key distribution, offers an information-theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem. This technique can achieve numerous cryptographic tasks that were previously unattainable through traditional communication methods.

There are two primary types of cryptographic algorithms: symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric algorithms utilize the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric algorithms (e.g., RSA) utilize different keys. These two types of cryptography are often used together, such as in the case of HTTPS. However, the exchange of private keys in a secure manner is essential for data security, and the methods currently used for key exchange may be at risk due to the power of quantum computing. Therefore, maintaining secure key exchange methods is crucial to ensure data confidentiality.

Asymmetric algorithms or public key algorithms use two keys that are mathematically related: a public key and a private key.

Asymmetric encryption, also known as public-key cryptography, is a data encryption method that relies on cryptographic protocols and algorithms. This method utilizes two keys: a public key and a private key. However, public key algorithms can be vulnerable to quantum attacks, which exploit the difficulty of solving discrete log problems or factoring large integers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new mathematical techniques that can withstand quantum attacks, as the existing public key algorithms will become obsolete. 

On the other hand, quantum key distribution (QKD), also known as quantum cryptography, uses photons to transfer data through a fiber optic cable between two endpoints. By analyzing the properties of a subset of these photons, the two endpoints can ascertain the key and determine its security.

The process involves the transmission of photons through a filter that randomly assigns one of four polarizations and bit designations: Vertical (representing One bit), Horizontal (representing Zero bit), 45 degree right (representing One bit), or 45 degree left (representing Zero bit). The receiver uses two beam splitters to read the polarization of each photon. However, the receiver is uncertain about which beam splitter to use for each photon and makes an informed guess. 

After transmission, the receiver notifies the sender of the beam splitter used for each photon in the order it was sent. The sender matches this information with the sequence of polarizers used to send the key, discards any photons read with the incorrect beam splitter, and generates the key. Any attempt to copy or read the photon by an eavesdropper will cause its state to change, alerting the endpoints. 

Although quantum computing is becoming more prevalent, it may still be too early to worry. Breaking current asymmetric algorithms will still require expensive quantum computing power, which will likely be restricted to governments, particularly those interested in spying on other nations. However, it is possible that quantum computing may become accessible to the public or even cybercrime groups with the next scientific breakthrough, which is a possibility that cannot be ignored.

Navigating the Future - A Deep Dive into Cloud Computing Trends

Navigating the Future - A Deep Dive into Cloud Computing Trends

As we stand on the edge of entering the digital age, cloud computing has emerged as one of the most essential technologies that is reshaping our...

Read More
Network for Success: SAIT Alumni Association

Network for Success: SAIT Alumni Association

In an era where professional success hinges not only on knowledge and skills but also on the strength of one's network, the importance of alumni...

Read More
Best Engineering College in India with a Vibrant Campus Life - Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology

Best Engineering College in India with a Vibrant Campus Life - Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology

Many students aspire to attend a college campus with an exceptional learning environment and an opportunity to create unforgettable memories. At Sri...

Read More